It is actually the absence of monthly menstrual bleeding/periods. It can be both physiological as well as pathological.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AMENORRHOEA: can occur before puberty or after menopause or pregnancy or during lactation.

PATHOLOGICAL AMENORRHOEA: can be primary or secondary amenorrhea.

CAUSES:

PRIMARY AMENORRHEA: that is menstrual bleeding never occurred like girls below the 14-16 age group. Causes can be due to millennia agenesis or androgen insensitivity that causes no uterus formation or can be due to no estrogen secretion or due to anatomical causes.

SECONDARY AMENORRHEA: that is menstruation cycle has occurred before but now it has suddenly stopped and it didn’t occur for 3-4 months due to various reasons which include pregnancy, decreased secretion of estrogen, hypogonadism, excessive stress.

RISK FACTORS:

• Deficiency of leptin hormone
• Obesity
• Emotional stress
• Contraceptives
• Medications such as antidepressants
• Chemotherapy
• Cesarean section
• Abortion
• Cystic fibrosis
• Genetic defect
• Anatomical defect

SYMPTOMS:

• Missing the regular menstrual cycle.
• Excess facial growth
• Headache
• Discharge from the breasts
• Vision changes
• Breasts will be underdeveloped

DIAGNOSIS:

• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI
• Chromosome evaluation
• Hormone challenge test
• Androgen test
• Ovary function test
• Thyroid function test

TREATMENT:

• First and foremost lifestyle changes that include maintaining a healthy weight and to work upon to have a stable mind to reduce stress, and modifying our diet which will include all the necessary nutrients and vitamin in proportion.
• Medications include birth control pills, estrogen replacement therapy, medications of PCOS.
• Surgery is the only option to remove the scar tissue in the uterus and to remove the non-cancerous pituitary tumor.